桥梁伸缩缝：指的是为满足桥面变形的要求，通常在两梁端之间、梁端与桥台之间或桥梁的铰接位置上设置伸缩缝。
Bridge expansion joints: in order to meet the requirements of bridge deformation, the expansion joint is usually arranged between the two beam ends, between the Liang Duan and the abutment or the hinge position of the bridge.
要求伸缩缝在平行、垂直于桥梁轴线的两个方向，均能自由伸缩，牢固可靠，车辆行驶过时应平顺、无突跳与噪声；要能防止雨水和垃圾泥土渗入阻塞；安装、检查、养护、消除污物都要简易方便。
Requirements of expansion joints in two directions parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the bridge, can free expansion, firm and reliable, the vehicle had to be smooth, no sudden jump and noise; to prevent rainwater and waste soil infiltration obstruction; installation, inspection, maintenance, eliminate dirt to be simple.
在设置伸缩缝处，栏杆与桥面铺装都要断开。
In setting expansion joints, railings and bridge pavement should be disconnected.
桥梁伸缩缝的作用:在于调节由车辆荷载和桥梁建筑材料所引起的上部结构之间的位移和联结。
The role of a bridge expansion joint is to adjust the displacement and connection between the superstructure of the vehicle caused by the load of the vehicle and the building material of the bridge.
斜交桥的伸缩装置一旦被破坏，将严重影响行车的速度、舒适性与安全，甚至造成行车安全事故。
once the expansion device of the skew bridge is damaged, it will seriously affect the speed, comfort and safety of the train, and even cause traffic safety accidents.
桥梁伸缩缝一般有对接式、钢制支承式、组合剪切式(板式)、模数支承式以及弹性装置。
Bridge expansion joints are usually of butt type, steel support type, combined shear type (plate type), modulus support type, and elastic device.
对接式
Butt joint
对接式伸缩缝装置，根据其构造形式和受力特点的不同，可分为填塞对接型和嵌固对接型两种。填塞对接型伸缩装置是以沥青、木板、麻絮、橡胶等材料填塞缝隙，伸缩体在任何情况下都处于受压状态。
The butt joint expansion joint device can be divided into two types: filling butt type and embedded butt type according to its structural form and different force characteristics. Packing butt type expansion device is with the material of asphalt, wood, rubber, oakum caulk, telescopic body are in a compressed state in any case.
该类伸缩装置一般用于伸缩量在40mm以下的常规桥梁工程上，但已不多见。
This kind of telescopic device is generally used in conventional bridge engineering with expansion of less than 40mm, but it is seldom seen.
嵌固式对接伸缩缝装置利用不同形态的钢构件将不同形状的橡胶条(带)嵌牢固定，并以橡胶条(带)的拉压变形来吸收梁体的变形，其伸缩体可以处于受压状态。也可以处于受拉状态。
Embedded devices use different forms of butt joints of steel rubber strip with different shapes (with) embedded firmly, and the rubber strip (belt) tension and compression deformation to absorb the deformation of the girder, the telescopic body can be in compression. May also be in the pull state.
模数支承
Modulus support
当桥梁的伸缩变形量超过50mm时，常采用钢质伸缩装置。该伸缩装置当车辆驶过时往往由于梁端转动或挠曲变形而产生拍击作用，噪声大，而且容易使结构损坏。
When the expansion deformation of bridge exceeds 50mm, steel telescopic device is often used. When the vehicle passes, the telescopic device causes the flapping action because of the rotation or deflection of the end of the beam, and the noise is large, and the structure is easy to be damaged.
因此，需采用设有螺栓弹簧的装置来固定滑动钢板，以减少拍击和噪声，该伸缩缝的构造相对复杂。
Therefore, it is necessary to use the bolt spring to fix the sliding steel plate to reduce the slap and noise. The structure of the expansion joint is relatively complicated.
剪切式
Shear type
该装置是利用各种不同断面形状的橡胶带作为填嵌材料的伸缩装置。由于橡胶富有弹性，易于粘贴，又能满足变形要求且具备防水功能。在国内、外桥梁工程中已获得广泛应用。
The device is a telescopic device using various rubber belts with different sectional shapes as filling materials. Because the rubber is elastic, easy to paste, and can meet the requirements of deformation, and has waterproof function. It has been widely used in domestic and foreign bridge engineering.
钢制支承
Steel support
板式橡胶制品这一类伸缩装置，很难满足大位移量的要求；钢制型的伸缩装置，很难做到密封不透水，而且容易造成对车辆的冲击，影响车辆的行驶性。
This type of plate rubber expansion device, it is difficult to meet the requirements of large displacement expansion device; the steel type, it is difficult to achieve a water tight seal, and easy to cause the impact of vehicle impact on vehicle.
因此，出现了利用吸震缓冲性能好又容易做到密封的橡胶材料，与强度高性能好的异型钢材组合的，在大位移量情况下能承受车辆荷载的各类型模数支承式(模数式)桥梁伸缩装置系列。
Therefore, the use of absorbing the shock performance and easy rubber sealing material, high strength and good performance of special-shaped steel combination, various types of modules supported can withstand the vehicle load in large displacement condition (Modular) series of bridge expansion device.
弹性体
Elastomer
弹性体伸缩装置分为锌铁皮伸缩缝和TST碎石弹性伸缩缝，弹性体伸缩装置是一种简易的伸缩缝装置，对于中小跨径的桥梁，当伸缩量在20mm-40mm以内时可以采用TST碎石弹性伸缩缝装置，是将特制的弹塑性材料TST加热熔化后，灌入经过清洗加热的碎石中，即形成了TST碎石弹性伸缩缝，碎石用以支持车辆荷载，TST弹塑性体在一25℃～60℃条件下能够满足伸缩量的要求。
Elastic expansion device consists of zinc iron joints and TST gravel elastic joints, elastic expansion device is a simple expansion joint device for small and medium span bridge, when the expansion joint device can adopt TST gravel elastic expansion is less than 20mm-40mm, is a special plastic material after heating and melting of TST after cleaning, poured into the heated gravel, which formed the TST gravel flexible joints, gravel to support vehicle load, TST elastic plastic body can meet the requirements of the expansion amount in a 25 to 60 DEG C under the condition of.